Pipe bowl, recovered from 44VB48, Virginia Beach, Virginia, ca. 1640–1680. Earthenware. H. 1 15/16". (Courtesy, Virginia Department of Historic Resources; unless otherwise noted, all photography by Brian Palmer.)
Figure 2
Pipe-making waste from the Nomini site (44WM12), Westmoreland County, Virginia, ca. 1650. (Courtesy, Virginia Department of Historic Resources; photo, Lauren McMillan.)
Figure 3
Often practiced by women, making pipes was an accessible craft which required only clay, a cane, and a fire.
Figure 4
The process begins with clay as the most critical ingredient.
Figure 5
Shaping the tube pipe.
Figure 6
The tube pipe bends into an elbow.
Figure 7
Excavating the bowl of the pipe.
Figure 8
Decorating tools are limited only by the imagination.
Figure 9
Unfired pipes believed to reflect the styles of Algonquian, Iroquoian, and probable Siouan pipe makers.
Figure 10
The tools and the trimming waste after making thirty-five pipes.
Figure 11
Ironically, pipes are tubes that can be fired in tubes.
Figure 12
Augering the stoke hole.
Figure 13
Pine knots provide the fuel.
Figure 14
Preparing to ignite the experiment.
Figure 15
Sealing the kiln.
Figure 16
Fire in the hole, not the kiln.
Figure 17
Life is an experiment, full of surprises.
Figure 18
The dragon is alive.
Figure 19
Opening the big present on Christmas morning.
Figure 20
And . . . DISASTER.
Figure 21
Grisly results—the bone fragments of cremated pipes.